This is a presentation given 25 September 2019 at Umea University based on a paper written jointly by Gavin Brown and Hanna Eklof. The paper isBrown, G. T. L., & Eklöf, H. (2018). Swedish student perceptions of achievement practices: The role of intelligence. Intelligence, 69, 94-103. doi:10.1016/j.intell.2018.05.006An earlier version of the presentation was given in July 2018 at the International Test Commission conference in Montreal Canada.