This writing/tuhituhi indicator draws on two sources of information: For state and state-integrated schools that use the New Zealand Curriculum, a summary of the National Standards writing results are used. National Standards results are based on Overall Teacher Judgements (OTJs) about whether students in Years 1-8 are achieving at a level 'well below', 'below', 'at', or 'above' the national standard in writing for their year level. For state and state-integrated kura and schools that use Te Marautanga o Aotearoa (mainly Māori medium education schools), the Ngā Whanaketanga Rumaki Māori results in the tuhituhi (writing) skill area are used. Ngā Whanaketanga Rumaki Māori are the Māori medium equivalent of National Standards.